One of the two remaining East Fork wolves of Denali National Park was shot this past weekend by a trophy hunter at a bear baiting station just outside park boundaries.
If this sounds eerily familiar, that’s because it is. This is just what happened exactly one year ago, when the pregnant female of the East Fork group was shot by an Outside trophy hunter at a bear baiting station in the same area. The loss of that one pregnant female wolf in 2015 led to the disintegration of the entire East Fork group, also called the Toklats, from 15 wolves down to just two this spring.
And now, with last weekend’s shooting of the radio-collared gray male dubbed “1508 GM” by park biologists, it appears the East Fork is down to one lone black wolf.
This is an historic loss. It leaves one remaining member of the wolf group studied by Dr. Adolph Murie, the subjects of his groundbreaking 1944 book, The Wolves of Mount McKinley. It leaves one from the group that Dr. Gordon Haber continued to study for another 43 years, until his untimely 2009 death in a plane crash while studying wolves.
This one family group of wolves was studied for a continuous 70 years, making them, along with the community of chimpanzees studied by Jane Goodall, the world’s oldest-known, longest-studied large mammal social lineage in the wild. It doesn’t take a rocket scientist to see that this gave the East Fork wolves inestimable scientific value.
But the state of Alaska apparently has no interest in such rare scientific value, no pride in a scientific record rivaled only by that of Jane Goodall’s chimpanzee research. The state has allowed this valuable public wildlife resource to be decimated by hunting and trapping for decades. And the National Park Service has clearly failed its mandate of protecting natural processes in the park.
The state also seems to lack regard for the hundreds of thousands of visitors each year who come to Denali to see wolves, many of them Alaskans. With the loss of the East Fork group in 2015, and the Grant Creek group in 2012 (also from hunting/trapping along the park boundary), viewing success of Park wolves plummeted. Almost half of park visitors were seeing wolves in the park until these deaths; now only about 5 percent are so fortunate.
The East Fork wolves traditionally denned near the Murie cabin at Toklat River, and were the wolves most visitors saw throughout the 1980s and 1990s — until a series of deaths at the hands of humans beginning in 2001 compromised the family group. With just a half-dozen inexperienced yearlings left, they shifted their territory and became even more susceptible to trapping and hunting on the northeastern boundaries of the park. They remained one of the most-viewed family groups until last spring.
The fault for the demise of these world-famous wolves rests squarely on the shoulders of Alaska Department of Fish and Game Commissioner Sam Cotten. He may not have pulled the trigger, but he permitted it.
In February 2015, we requested that he issue an emergency closure to prevent this precise situation. Cotten refused, and in May that year, the pregnant alpha female of East Fork was shot by a hunter at a bear baiting station just outside the park boundaries. After her death, Commissioner Cotten did — finally, but too late — issue a two-week emergency closure. Too late, because with her death, there were no pups, no denning, and the 15-member family group fragmented down to two wolves.
In March 2016, even the Alaska Board of Game agreed that the wolf hunting season in the area along the Denali boundary should be closed by April 15, rather than May 31, but their newly adopted regulation doesn’t take effect until 2017. Thus, on the same day of the board decision, we again requested an emergency closure in the area to protect the remaining two East Fork wolves (and other park wolves using the area), hoping to prevent this tragic situation from happening again. Again, Commissioner Cotten ignored the request. And again, last weekend another trophy hunter at a bear baiting station shot and killed 1508 GM — possibly the last male East Fork wolf.
This leaves one lone survivor, who may be a pregnant female, as the National Park Service recently observed these two wolves involved in denning activities. Either way, it would take a miracle for her, and her pups, to survive. Without another adult to hunt and feed the nursing mother, the pups will likely starve to death.
These events likely spell the extinction of the world-renowned East Fork family group. All because Commissioner Cotten failed not once, but twice, to do the prudent and intelligent thing, and close the area.
Enough is enough. It’s way past time for the state to wake up.
Cotten needs to acknowledge the facts of this situation, issue a public apology for the loss of this world-famous wolf group, and close the area immediately. And both he and Gov. Bill Walker need to stop dragging their feet and start attending to this issue with the sense of urgency and public interest that it most surely deserves.
Partial solutions will not work, and the Board of Game will not be part of a real and permanent solution. What we Alaskans, the hundreds of thousands of tourists, and the park wolves desperately need is a permanent wildlife conservation easement along this northeastern boundary of the park.
With an easement, next Spring we won’t see this tragedy recur. It’s highly unlikely there will be any East Fork wolves left to fall prey to a bear-baiting sport hunter, but perhaps their legacy is to remind us why we must make this work, and now.
• Marybeth Holleman is author of several books including “Among Wolves: Gordon Haber’s Insights into Alaska’s Most Misunderstood Animal.” In 2012, she was artist-in-residence in Denali National Park.
