The dismal start to 2016 on Wall Street got a lot worse Wednesday.
Stocks tumbled again on fears of a global slowdown and alarm over plummeting oil prices, officially sending the Standard & Poor’s 500 index into what’s known as a correction, or a drop of 10 percent or more from its peak.
The Dow Jones industrial average also slumped, losing more than 300 points.
The eight-day drop is the worst start to a year in the history of both the S&P 500 and the Dow.
“At the very core of this, there’s a bull-bear debate,” said Quincy Krosby, market strategist at Prudential Financial. The question, she said, is whether the economy is strong enough to justify how high stock prices are.
The rocky start to the year reflects mounting worries on Wall Street about the slowdown in China, the world’s second-biggest economy; a plunge in oil prices to the lowest level in 12 years; and the implications for U.S. corporations, especially energy companies.
The S&P 500, which is the most closely watched gauge of the broader market and reached a record high in May, is now down 7.5 percent this year, while the Dow is off 7.3 percent.
The Nasdaq is deeper in the red, down 9.6 percent. The Russell 2000, which is made up of small-company stocks, is down 20 percent from its June peak. That big a plunge is defined as a bear market.
Energy and consumer stocks bore the brunt of the selling. The price of U.S. crude oil closed slightly higher, but remains near $30 a barrel, a level that investors fear could force many oil and gas companies to go bankrupt. Brent crude, the international standard, fell 2 percent.
Some of the biggest winners from last year, such as Netflix and Amazon, both of which doubled in value in 2015, also fell sharply.
“The momentum names that drove this market higher have just been clobbered,” Krosby said.
All told, the Dow lost 364.81 points, or 2.2 percent, to 16,151.41. The S&P 500 fell 48.40 points, or 2.5 percent, to 1,890.28. It was the worst day for the index since Sept. 28.
The Nasdaq slid 159.85 points, or 3.4 percent, to 4,526.06.
Biotechnology stocks took a drubbing. The Nasdaq Biotechnology index lost 5.3 percent and is down 17.2 percent this year.
The market recorded its best day of the year on Tuesday and appeared to be headed for more gains early on Wednesday. But then a report showed that demand for fuels slipped last month.
Investors also began to size up discouraging earnings outlooks from companies like Ford, which fell 65 cents, or 5.1 percent, to $12.20.
Among energy companies, Williams Cos. tumbled $2.93, or 17.7 percent to $13.61. Consol Energy slid 65 cents, or 9.7 percent, to $6.05. Valero Energy shed $6.16, or 8.7 percent, to $65.03.
In Europe, Germany’s DAX fell 0.2 percent while France’s CAC 40 rose 0.3 percent. The FTSE 100 of leading British shares gained 0.5 percent. In Asia, stocks rallied despite a 2.4 percent drop in the Shanghai Composite. Japan’s Nikkei 225 stock index jumped 2.9 percent while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng gained 1.1 percent. South Korea’s Kospi and Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 added 1.3 percent. Shares in New Zealand and Southeast Asia were mostly higher.
The yield on the 10-year Treasury note fell to 2.07 percent from 2.11 percent late Tuesday. Trading in foreign exchange markets was subdued. The euro was little changed at $1.0857, and the dollar rose to 117.89 yen from 117.58 yen.
Gold rose $1.90 to $1,087.10 an ounce, silver rose 41 cents to $14.16 an ounce and copper was little changed at $1.96 a pound.
In other energy trading, wholesale gasoline fell 3.2 cents to $1.053 a gallon, heating oil fell 2.1 cents to 96.9 cents a gallon, and natural gas rose 1.2 cents to $2.269 per 1,000 cubic feet.
