President Trump on Monday began issuing a barrage of executive orders, kicking off his presidency with a muscular use of power intended to signal a sharp reversal from existing policies.
The flurry of executive actions is an effort to roll back of many of President Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s most significant domestic policies, primarily on climate and immigration, while also reimposing a Trump agenda that would launch drilling and mining on natural resources and fundamentally upend the United States’ global role as a sanctuary for refugees and immigrants.
In a speech on Monday evening, Mr. Trump said he was revoking almost 80 “disruptive, radical executive actions of the previous administration.”
Among those revoked Biden orders were directives that the federal government rebuild the refugee program, and gradually end the Justice Department’s use of private prisons.
Some of Mr. Trump’s orders are almost certain to be challenged in court, and others will be largely symbolic. But taken together, they represent his intention to sharply turn away from the direction of the Biden administration, and to make good on his campaign promises to break what he and his aides cast as a “deep state” effort to thwart his agenda.
Here are some of the orders Mr. Trump signed on his first day in office:
Federal Work Force
Freeze federal hiring, except for members of the military or “positions related to immigration enforcement, national security, or public safety.”
Restore a category of federal workers known as Schedule F, which would lack the same job protections enjoyed by career civil servants.
Halt new federal rules from going into effect before Trump administration appointees can review them.
Review the investigative actions of the Biden administration, “to correct past misconduct by the federal government related to the weaponization of law enforcement and the weaponization of the intelligence community.”
End remote work policies and order federal workers back to the office full time.
Immigration and the Border
Move to end birthright citizenship, which is guaranteed by the 14th Amendment, for the children of undocumented immigrants. The president cannot change the Constitution on his own, so it is not yet clear how Mr. Trump plans to withhold the benefits of citizenship to a group of people born in the United States. Any move is all but certain to be challenged in court.
Suspend the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program “until such time as the further entry into the United States of refugees aligns with the interests of the United States.”
Declare migrant crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border to be a national emergency, allowing Mr. Trump to unilaterally unlock federal funding for border wall construction, without approval from Congress, for stricter enforcement efforts.
Resume a policy requiring people seeking asylum to wait in Mexico while an immigration judge considers their cases.
Designate cartel organizations as “foreign terrorist organizations.”
Gender and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Initiatives
Terminate D.E.I. programs across the federal government.
Tariffs and Trade
Direct federal agencies to begin an investigation into trade practices, including trade deficits and unfair currency practices, and examine flows of migrants and drugs from Canada, China and Mexico to the United States.
Assess China’s compliance with a trade deal Mr. Trump signed in 2020, as well as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which Trump signed in 2020 to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Order the government to assess the feasibility of creating an “External Revenue Service” to collect tariffs and duties.
Energy and the Environment
Withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement, the pact among almost all nations to fight climate change.
Declare a national energy emergency, a first in U.S. history, which could unlock new powers to suspend certain environmental rules or expedite permitting of certain mining projects.
Attempt to reverse Mr. Biden’s ban on offshore drilling for 625 million acres of federal waters.
Begin the repeal of Biden-era regulations on tailpipe pollution from cars and light trucks, which have encouraged automakers to manufacture more electric vehicles.
Roll back energy-efficiency regulations for dishwashers, shower heads and gas stoves.
Open the Alaska wilderness to more oil and gas drilling.
Restart approvals of export terminals for liquefied natural gas.
Halt the leasing of federal waters for offshore wind farms.
Eliminate environmental justice programs across the government, which are aimed at protecting poor communities from excess pollution.
Review all federal regulations that impose an “undue burden” on the development or use of a variety of energy sources, particularly coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, hydropower and biofuels.
TikTok ban
Consult federal agencies on any national security risks posed by the social media platform, then “pursue a resolution that protects national security while saving a platform used by 170 million Americans.” Mr. Trump ordered his attorney general not to enforce a law that banned the site for 75 days to give the Trump administration “an opportunity to determine the appropriate course forward.”
Other
Withdraw from the World Health Organization.
Fly the American flag at full-staff on Monday and on future Inauguration Days.
Implement the Department of Government Efficiency, the Elon Musk-led cost-cutting initiative.
Revoke security clearances for 51 signers of a letter suggesting that the contents of Hunter Biden’s laptop could be Russian disinformation.
• Reporting was contributed by Erica L. Green, Zach Montague, Ana Swanson, Hamed Aleaziz, Lisa Friedman and Brad Plumer. This story originally appeared in The New York Times.
